It is increasingly argued that polymathy—vocational and avocational pursuits in multiple domains—is deeply associated with creativity and innovation, and that its development enables the creation of important bridges between otherwise fragmented, dispersed sets of knowledge. Nevertheless, the dominant culture in both industry and academia is still that of narrow specialization. In this paper, we argue that in the context of COVID-19 crisis, with its wicked and transdisciplinary nature, the disciplinary approach of specialization is ill-suited to solve our increasingly complex problems, (...) and that polymathic thinking can be a crucial asset in this regard. Drawing on different literature strands, we first examine the interplay between polymathy and other well-developed constructs in personality and temperament research. We then advance theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between trait polymathy and resilience in the COVID-19 crisis. After that, we discuss learnable strategies that can be used in complex, uncertain and adverse situations, which are associated with development of a more polymathic set of knowledge. Later, we discuss how it may be possible to better capitalize on the key features of polymathic thinking at the societal level. Finally, we conclude with a reflection on the adequacy of our current institutions for dealing with complex problems, and we underscore the crucial role of polymathic thinking in an increasingly complex and interrelated world. (shrink)

Tocado pela empolgação, pelo entusiasmo, até justificado, não propriamente pelo brilho do texto, mas pelo modo do tratamento do tema, fiz o prefácio do livro, publicado em 2021. Este trabalho, na verdade, uma tese de doutoramento em educação, defendido pelo autor em 2017, e convertida em livro. Essa eu pude acompanhar, passo a passo, participando, antes da banca de defesa, que conserva, inclusive, na publicação acadêmica, agora realizada, o mesmo título, permitindo-me notar que há uma pequena diferença, todavia, entre o (...) título mais limitado, e a amplitude, que se nota do conteúdo, no quadro do desenvolvimento do próprio texto que é apresentado enquanto efeito de uma descoberta do próprio pesquisador, por alguma coisa de empatia, que termina um trabalho que redimensiona, aliás, a pesquisa, mesmo que o encanto seja Rousseau [...]. (shrink)

O artigo trabalha com a ideia da unidade da obra de Rousseau envolvendo os escritos de diferentes naturezas que ele produz. Busca mostrar seu caráter dinâmico, multifacetado, plástico, mas também preso às verdades práticas, básicas, e interesses e convicções essenciais, urgentes, ligadas ao útil, ao necessário, para a felicidade do gênero humano, recusando que se faça pouco caso dos atributos que dignificam o homem e lhe cobram tomar partido ante os absurdos do tempo, envolvendo a responsabilidade que teria tudo para (...) encontrar no indivíduo a referência que pode explorar suas saídas, fazendo-o um bom uso, elevando seus horizontes, tornando-se mais conhecedor de si mesmo e generoso. Precisa dos atropelos da vida para aprender com os erros, entretanto, que ameaçam sua subsistência, definem o esgotamento de recursos da natureza, privando-o de buscar meios capazes de lhe auxiliarem enquanto mediadores, levando-o a retomar o eixo que facilita o recurso aos remédios, pois nasce-se, virtualmente, para o bem moral, mas fica-se, no entanto, enceguecido, até se chegar ao eixo novamente. (shrink)

The paper argues that there are resources within theories of corrective justice to make the case against the deportation of immigrants, including those accused of committing criminal actions. More specifically, the argument defended here is that a nation acts impermissibly by deporting criminal immigrants who belong to countries that the nation itself wronged in a manner that contributed to create the migratory flow that led the immigrants in question there. In that case, admission and, equally important, permanent residence in the (...) host nation must be understood as a form of compensation for past wrongs, the interruption of which represents a breach of its duties of rectification, and is therefore unjust. Put in slightly different terms, some migrants have a retributive right-claim against their host state (which they may or may not exercise) to be admitted into the host state and not be deported. (shrink)

The commutativity of the 1-dimensional XY-h type Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix of a 2-dimensional spin-lattice model constructed from an R-matrix is studied by Sutherland's method. We generalize Krinsky's result to more general Hamiltonians and more general R matrices, and we obtain a generic condition on their parameters for the commutativity, which defines an irreducible algebraic manifold in the parameter space.

In this paper I outline the PAIR account of joint attention as a perceptual-practical, affectively charged intentional relation. I argue that to explain joint attention we need to leave the received understanding of propositions and propositional attitudes and the picture of content connected to it behind and embrace the notions of subject mode and position mode content. I also explore the relation between joint attention and communication.

Este artículo se ocupa de clarificar los primeros desarrollos que Zenón, Cleantes y Crisipo hicieron en su teoría del destino. En el curso de la argumentación se manifestará que todos ellos consideraban que el destino es identificable con la razón divina, principio activo de la naturaleza encargado de mover y cualificar a la materia. Gracias a esto se podrá defender, por un lado, que ellos sostenían que el destino es parte de la estructura interna del mundo y, por el otro, (...) que el destino tiene un alcance universal, ya que todos los movimientos y estados cualitativos del mundo, hasta en sus más ínfimos detalles, son producidos por la razón divina. Finalmente se muestra que, de acuerdo con los primeros desarrollos de estos tres escolarcas, el destino tiene un mecanismo fatalista en la producción de los sucesos de la vida humana. (shrink)

Se examinan algunos pasajes de Aristóteles para precisar la vinculación entre necesidad y posibilidad en el proceso de la acción humana. Se propone que, dadas las potencias racionales de los seres humanos, cabe decir que el proceso inicia con la tenencia de posibilidades alternativas de acción. El agente, como principio controlador, determina el deseo dominante que ha de activar sus potencias en determinada dirección. La acción se produce luego de manea necesaria.

Se examinan algunos pasajes de Aristóteles para precisar la vinculación entre necesidad y posibilidad en el proceso de la acción humana. Se propone que, dadas las potencias racionales de los seres humanos, cabe decir que el proceso inicia con la tenencia de posibilidades alternativas de acción. El agente, como principio controlador, determina el deseo dominante que ha de activar sus potencias en determinada dirección. La acción se produce luego de manea necesaria. Passages of Aristotle are examined to specify the link (...) between need and possibility in the process of human action. It is proposed that, given the rational faculties of human beings, it should be noted that the process begins with the possession of alternative possibilities of action. The agent, as prime controller, determines the dominant desire that will activate his or her faculties in a particular direction. The action is then produced because it is necessary. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una interpretación de dos discutidos pasajes de Metafísica VI 3 y XI 8 en los que se encuentra la argumentación de Aristóteles encaminada a evitar la necesidad universal con base en la existencia de las coincidencias. Esta argumentación ha suscitado múltiples e incompatibles interpretaciones desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días. En ellas se ha presentado la argumentación del Estagirita en un abanico que va desde comprenderla como una postura compatible con el más fuerte determinismo, hasta una que (...) requiere un muy generalizado indeterminismo. En diálogo con estas interpretaciones, se defenderá una lectura según la cual estos pasajes están diseñados para argumentar no contra el determinismo causal sino contra la predeterminación. (shrink)

Interpreters and even the sources of stoicism tend to equate the notions of providence, rationality and natural law. In contrast to this trend, the goal of this article is to analyze these notions in order to identify what is the explanatory role attributed by the Stoics to each one of them. This will provide a better understanding of the Stoic theory of the constitution of the world and the different roles played by the divine mind in it. I will defend (...) that providence is a function of the divine will, related to the goal sought in the constitution of the world. The divine rationality refers to the logical and causal requirements to be observed in this constitution. And the notion of natural law refers to a normative aspect of nature established by the divine right reason. (shrink)

RESUMEN En contraste con la interpretación de Marta Nussbaum, que adjudica a los estoicos ortodoxos una concepción meramente cognitivista de las pasiones y de la función pedagógica de la poesía en la formación moral de los individuos, en este artículo se argumenta que las pasiones tienen un elemento cognitivo (juicio errado) y uno no-cognitivo (movimiento físico excesivo), razón por la cual nos podemos valer de los elementos cognitivos y no-cognitivos de la poesía para ayudar al hombre en su formación moral. (...) Se mostrará que esta propuesta tiene sus raíces en el pensamiento platónico. ABSTRACT In contrast with Martha Nussbaum's interpretation, which attributes to orthodox Stoics a merely cognitivist conception of passions and of the pedagogical function of poetry in the moral Bildung of individuals, the paper argues that passions have a cognitive component (incorrect judgment) as well as a non-cognitive one (excessive physical movement). For this reason, it is possible to resort to both the cognitive and non-cognitive elements of poetry to help in the moral Bildung of human beings. The paper also shows that this proposal has its origins in Plato's thought. (shrink)

In this paper we claim that Rawls’s theory is compatible with the absence of rectification of extremely important historical injustices within a given society. We hold that adding a new principle to justice-as-fairness may amend this problem. There are four possible objections to our claim: First, that historical rectification is not required by justice. Second, that, even when historical rectification is a matter of justice, it is not a matter of distributive justice, so that Rawls’s theory is justified in leaving (...) it unaddressed. Third, that dealing with historical injustice is outside of the scope of ideal theory, so that even when historical rectification is required by justice, Rawls’s theory starts with the assumption that no such historical injustice has occurred. Fourth, that while historical injustice is within the scope of Rawls’s theory, there is no need for further principles of justice to deal with it, so that the correct regulation of the principles of justice-as-fairness would ensure the rectification of all relevant historical injustices of a particular society. While we offer several arguments against the first and second objections, we address the last two at length and show that both fail. (shrink)

This paper makes the case for the permissibility of post-conflict amnesties, although not on prudential grounds. It argues that amnesties of a certain scope, targeted to certain categories of perpetrators, and offered in certain contexts are morally permissible because they are an acknowledgment of the difficulty of attributing criminal responsibility in mass violence contexts. Based on this idea, the paper develops the further claim that deciding which amnesties are permissible and which ones are not should be decided on a case-by-case (...) basis. Against what seems to be an increasingly popular assumption of some international actors, just as "blanket" amnesties are impermissible, so is an absolutist rejection of all types of amnesties. (shrink)

En más de 100 conflictos bélicos que se han producido en los últimos diez años, más del 80 por ciento de las víctimas son civiles. Se ha producido un desarrollo acelerado en las investigaciones concernientes a las consecuencias psico-sociales de la guerra en la población civil, la cual es el blanco principal de las víctimas en la guerra contemporánea. Este trabajo constituye una revisión bibliográfica sobre la guerra como desastre, acerca de los conceptos “modernos” de “guerra total”, desastre y las (...) consecuencias psicológicas de la guerra en la población civil, la utilización de los niños como soldados lo cual acarrea desórdenes mentales marcados y se aborda el problema de la violencia sexual como arma de guerra. Las mujeres, las jóvenes, e incluso niñas, son a menudo sometidas, violadas, secuestradas y forzadas a la esclavitud sexual o cualquier tipo de abuso sexual; son vejadas, humilladas y dañadas en lo más profundo de sus sentimientos psicológicos, y valores morales, lo que también trasciende al grupo social, comunidad, clase social o etnia a la que pertenecen. El deterioro o la destrucción de la infraestructura económica, social y política de las naciones en conflicto impide la atención de las necesidades básicas de la población. El trastorno por estrés postraumático es la entidad nosológica más frecuente en las víctimas de la guerra, pero existen otros trastornos mentales que hay que tener en cuenta In over 100 war conflicts that have occurred in the last 10 years, m ore than 80 percent of the victims were civilians. The scope of recent studies has been increasingly focused on psychological and social effects among civilians who are the target and main victims of contemporary wars. This article is an explanation of why war is considered a disaster, a revision of modern terms for war, disaster and the psychological effects of war on civilians, the training of children as soldiers, and the resulting mental disorders. It touches upon sexual violence problem as a war weapon. Women, adolescents and young children are often violated and forced into sexual slavery or any other type of sexual abuse, causing humiliation and psychological, ethical and moral damage, which can affect social groups, communities, social classes, or races. The deterioration or destruction of the economic, social and political infrastructure of the countries in conflict hinders the satisfaction of the citizens' basic needs. The most common psychological effect among war victims is posttraumatic stress, but there are also other mental disorders which must be taken into consideration. (shrink)

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e caracterizar a produção do conhecimento dos pesquisadores que atuam nas Instituições de Ensino Superior do estado do Ceará. As conclusões apontaram que o desafio que se coloca é a constituição de Programas de Pós Graduação em Educação Física para o Nordeste que superem as lacunas impostas pela própria política de Pós-Graduação na área 21, que privilegia a subárea da biodinâmica e intensifica a fragmentação do conhecimento entre as ciências humanas e sociais, e as (...) ciências biológicas e da saúde, identificadas pelas características das tendências temáticas, epistemológicas e teóricas, que apontam para diferentes perspectivas de formação humana. (shrink)

The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 7, Page 27-30, July 2012.

Theories of discourse bring to realism new ideas about how knowledge develops and how representations of reality are influenced. We gain an understanding of the conceptual aspect of social life and the processes by which meaning is produced. This collection reflects the growing interest realist critics have shown towards forms of discourse theory and deconstruction. The diverse range of contributions address such issues as the work of Derrida and deconstruction, discourse theory, Eurocentrism and poststructuralism. What unites all of the contributions (...) is a sense that it is essential to provide a realist alternative to the hitherto dominance of social constructionism, hermeneutics and postmodernism, over many of the issues discussed. By developing a realist perspective the different authors attempt to embed discourse within the structured nature of the reality of the world. Realism can situate language, discourse and ideology within context specific, or 'causally efficacious' circumstances. Realism can help to uncover issues of power, representation, and subjectivity and how discursive and other social practices produce real effects. This can help us understand the manner in which social structures are reproduced through various forms of ideology and discourse. And by knowing this, we can start to address questions concerning human emancipation and how the world is to be transformed. (shrink)

We give a simple proof-theoretic argument showing that Glivenko’s theorem for propositional logic and its version for predicate logic follow as an easy consequence of the deduction theorem, which also proves some Glivenko type theorems relating intermediate predicate logics between intuitionistic and classical logic. We consider two schemata, the double negation shift (DNS) and the one consisting of instances of the principle of excluded middle for sentences (REM). We prove that both schemata combined derive classical logic, while each one of (...) them provides a strictly weaker intermediate logic, and neither of them is derivable from the other. We show that over every intermediate logic there exists a maximal intermediate logic for which Glivenko’s theorem holds. We deduce as well a characterization of DNS, as the weakest (with respect to derivability) scheme that added to REM derives classical logic. (shrink)

Morals from Motives develops a virtue ethics inspired more by Hume and Hutcheson's moral sentimentalism than by recently-influential Aristotelianism. It argues that a reconfigured and expanded "morality of caring" can offer a general account of right and wrong action as well as social justice. Expanding the frontiers of ethics, it goes on to show how a motive-based "pure" virtue theory can also help us to understand the nature of human well-being and practical reason.

Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 1, Page 93-99, January 2022.

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that most prominent normative theories on immigration neglect a critical dimension of the migratory phenomenon, a neglect that blinds them to important rights that, under some circumstances, immigrants ought to have as a matter of justice. Specifically, the paper argues that these theories fail to appreciate that the children of immigrant families, regardless of whether they were born in their parents’ country or in the host country, should benefit from educational rights addressing needs that are particular to (...) their situation. These children may be forced to move between these two countries. This situation generates an obligation for both states to act jointly to provide educational opportunities so that these children are fully conversant with both cultures and in both languages. Put succinctly, then, we argue that since children of immigrant families lack any certainty of permanent residence in the host society owing to the threat of deportation and the precarity of their legal status, host and home societies bear the duty to offer an education that allows them to be functional in both societies. (shrink)

The guiding inspiration of this book is the attraction and distance that mark the relation between anthropology and philosophy. This theme is explored through encounters between individual anthropologists and particular regions of philosophy. Several of the most basic concepts of the discipline—including notions of ethics, politics, temporality, self and other, and the nature of human life—are products of a dialogue, both implicit and explicit, between anthropology and philosophy. These philosophical undercurrents in anthropology also speak to the question of what it (...) is to experience our being in a world marked by radical difference and otherness. In The Ground Between, twelve leading anthropologists offer intimate reflections on the influence of particular philosophers on their way of seeing the world, and on what ethnography has taught them about philosophy. Ethnographies of the mundane and the everyday raise fundamental issues that the contributors grapple with in both their lives and their thinking. With directness and honesty, they relate particular philosophers to matters such as how to respond to the suffering of the other, how concepts arise in the give and take of everyday life, and how to be attuned to the world through the senses. Their essays challenge the idea that philosophy is solely the province of professional philosophers, and suggest that certain modalities of being in the world might be construed as ways of doing philosophy. Contributors. João Biehl, Steven C. Caton, Vincent Crapanzano, Veena Das, Didier Fassin, Michael M. J. Fischer, Ghassan Hage, Clara Han, Michael Jackson, Arthur Kleinman, Michael Puett, Bhrigupati Singh. (shrink)

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an inherited systemic amyloidosis, characterized by the extracellular deposition of fibrillar amyloid protein, i.e. a variant type of prealbumin, and by prominent peripheral nerve involvement. We recently established the basis of FAP, using a cloned human prealbumin cDNA, restriction endonuclease(s) and Southern blot procedures. This approach clearly revealed a direct link between mutation in the prealbumin gene and FAP; individuals with FAP are heterozygous for the prealbumin gene, carrying one normal and one mutant gene. Molecular (...) analysis of the prealbumin gene yielded pertinent data on the genetic basis for FAP. (shrink)

We ordinarily suppose that there is a difference between having and failing to exercise a rational capacity on the one hand, and lacking a rational capacity altogether on the other. This is crucial for our allocations of responsibility. Someone who has but fails to exercise a capacity is responsible for their failure to exercise their capacity, whereas someone who lacks a capacity altogether is not. However, as Gary Watson pointed out in his seminal essay ’Skepticism about Weakness of Will’, the (...) idea of an unexercised capacity is much more difficult to make sense of than it initially appears. The aim of ’Rational Capacities’ is to provide the needed explication of this idea. (shrink)

Eldred offers a remedy to the consequences of ancient Greek misconceptions of time that are also entrenched in today’s mathematized physics. Here time is spatialized as the one-dimensionally linear ‘arrow of time’ for the sake of predicting and controlling movement. But such spatialized time distorts the phenomenon of time itself. An alternative, hermeneutic-phenomenological path begins with a pre-spatial concept of time that is genuinely three-dimensional. This paves the way for recasting who we are as humans in belonging, first of all, (...) to the free openness of 3D-temporality. This belonging enables temporally 3D-vision of the psyche that empowers us to see movement at all and reconcile its inherent contradictoriness. We are then also able to conceive ourselves no longer merely as internally cogitating, self-conscious subjects, but as engaged existentially in temporally 3D-interplay, mutually estimating and esteeming who we are. This unpredictable interplay is constrained, however, by being played out in the sociating medium of thingified value, the accumulative movement of thingified value having gained the upper hand in dictating our life-movements as well as our interplay with the earth. (shrink)

Der private, sehr gefahrdete Bucherbestand Friedrich Nietzsches gilt als ein besonders interessantes Beispiel einer Schriftstellerbibliothek des 19. Jahrhunderts.